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Main topics
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- General concepts; infectious diseases, immunity, pathogens, carriers of infection, epidemics. Growth and survival of microorganisms. The concept of growth. Growth in biofilms. Definition and identification of death of microorganisms. Bacterial biocontrol at the environmental level. Biocidal substances and their use. Normal human microbiota. Its features. Microbiota of skin, mouth and upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract.
- Mechanisms of pathogenesis. Routes of entry into the host organism, adhesion, colonization, invasion. Bacterial effects on the host: tissue damage, cytopathic effects, toxins, immunopathogenesis. Strategies for avoiding immune effects. Mechanisms of escape from the body. Mechanisms of dispersion in the population: contact, carriers, vectors.
- Determinants of virulence, organization of virulence genes, mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, spread of antibiotic resistance. Opportunistic infections. The concept of opportunistic infections. Features of opportunistic microorganisms, their ecology, routes of distribution. The most important types of opportunistic microorganisms and their characteristics, nosocomial infections. The main causes of the development of opportunistic infections.
- G + cocci: Staphylococcus aureus skin infections, foodborne infections, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, Staphylococcus epidermidis (endocarditis, biofilm formation in catheters and shunts), Enterococcus (urinary tract infections, septicemia), Streptococcus pyogenes (pharyngitis, rheumatitis, fever, skin infections), Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, meningitis), Streptococcus agalactiae (neonatal diseases, other infections).
- G + bacilli. Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Listeria monocytogenes (listeriosis), Corynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria), Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene, food poisoning), Clostridium tetani (tetanus), Clostridium botulinum (botulism), Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (erisipeloid, bacterial dermatitis).
- G-cocci and anaerobic bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease), Neisseria meningitidis (meningitis), Escherichia coli (gastroenteritis), Salmonella (gastroenteritis, enteritis), Shigella (shigellosis), Yersinia (yersinia), Vibrio (cholera, gastroenteritis), Campylobacter (gastroenteritis), Helicobacter (gastritis, gastroenteritis and duodenal ulcers).
- G - aerobic bacilli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (infections of the lungs, skin and urinary tract), Bordetella pertussis (pertussis), Francisella tularensis (tularemia), Brucella (brucellosis), Haemophilus (meningitis, otitis, arthritis, chancrid), Legionella (legionellosis, Pontiac fever)
- Anaerobes, actinomycetes, mycobacteria and mycoplasmas. Actinomyces (endogenous infections), Propionibacterium (acne), anaerobic G-bacilli (chronic sinusitis, otitis, brain abscesses, tissue infections), Nocardia (lung and skin infections), Mycobacterium (tuberculosis, leprosy), Mycoplasma.
- Spirochetes, rickettsiae, chlamydial pathogens. Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Borrelia (Recurrent fever, Lyme disease), Rickettsia (Rocky Mountain acute fever, spotted fever), Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), Chlamydia trachomatis (trachoma, urogenital infections), Chlamyde (ornithosis).
- Fungal diseases. Aspergillus (Aspergillosis), Blastomyces (Blastomycosis), Candida (Candidiasis), Coccidioides (Coccidioidomycosis), Cryotococcus neoformans (Meningitis), Cryptococcus jocia pneumonia (tropical and subtropical infections), Fungal eye infections, Fungal eye infections, Sporotrix (sporotrichosis), mucormycosis, fungal diseases.
- Viral diseases. Major pathogens. Oncogenic viruses. Virus cultivation and detection. Virus isolation and laboratory safety requirements. Control and treatment of viral diseases. Viral pathogenesis.
- Parvoviruses, adenoviruses, herpesviruses, poxviruses, hepatitis all, picornaviruses, reoviruses, rotaviruses, influenza viruses, paramyx and rubella viruses, coronaviruses, oncoviruses, lentiviruses.
- Diagnostic methods. Epidemiology and infection prevention. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral preparations and principles of their action.
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- Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg 2019, Medical Microbiology, 27 th ed, McGraw-Hill Education
- M. Estée Török, Ed Moran, Fiona J. Cooke, 2017, Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, 22 nd ed, Oxford Medical Publications
- A.Lasinskaitė-Čerkasina, A. Pavilonis, V. Vaičiuvėnas, 2005, Medicinos mikrobiologija ir virusologijos pagrindai. 2 leidimas, Vitae Litera
- Patrick Murray Ken Rosenthal Michael Pfaller, 2012, Medical Microbiology, 7 th ed, https://www.elsevier.com/books/medical-microbiology/murray/978-0-323-08692-9
- Alan J. Cann, 2012, Principles of Molecular, Virology, 5 th ed, Elsevier.
- Recent scientific publications on the topic of the seminar.
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Seminar
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One 45-60 minute report on a pre-agreed topic is prepared:
The notification is assessed according to the following criteria:
- The relevance and novelty of the examined issues of genetics of microorganisms are revealed.
- Novelty, expediency, appropriate presentation of used literature.
- Regularity of language, suitability of style.
- Appropriateness and regularity of the work structure and order.
- Demonstration of appropriate skills: apply knowledge, define, describe, interpret, analyze, summarize, interpret, classify, justify, oppose, synthesize, evaluate.
The presentation of the seminars is evaluated:
10 - Excellent knowledge and skills. The problem is analyzed in detail. The structure of the work is logical. The conclusions drawn are reasonable. The work is prepared in accordance with the requirements for the presentation of scientific work. There are no style or spelling errors.
9 - Very good knowledge and skills. The problem has been sufficiently analyzed. The structure of the work is neat. The conclusions drawn are reasonable. The work is prepared in accordance with the requirements for the presentation of scientific work. There are almost no style and spelling errors.
8 - Good knowledge and skills, there may be minor mistakes. The structure of the work is neat. The conclusions drawn are reasonable. The work is prepared in accordance with the requirements for the presentation of scientific work.
7 - Average knowledge and skills, there are insignificant mistakes. The problem of work is not fully analyzed. The work does not fully meet the requirements. The conclusions are messy and do not reflect the problems. There are style and spelling mistakes.
6 - The problem is not analyzed in detail, there are shortcomings related to the structure of the work, there are gross style and spelling mistakes. Satisfactory knowledge and skills, there are mistakes.
5 - Weak knowledge and skills that still meet the minimum requirements. There are many mistakes.
0-4 - Minimum requirements not met.
0 points - Work not submitted.
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